ABSTRACT
Background: Parental optimistic relations and parental hostile patterns are forecaster of emotional disorders among the school children
Objectives: The study aimed at examining effect of perceived parental rejection with disruptive behaviors e.g., attention deficit hyper activity disorder, oppositional deficient disorder and conduct disorder in Adolescents of single parents
Study design, settings and duration: Cross-sectional study was conducted in universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad for duration of 8 months
Subjects and Methods: After taking inform written consent 200 adolescents [male= 90, 45%; female=110, 55%] of age 18-23 years studying in universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad were enrolled. Perceived Parental Rejection was measured with the help of Urdu version of Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire and Disruptive Behavior Disorders were assessed by Disruptive Behavior Disorder [DBD] rating scale
Results: Finding of the present study showed that perceived parental rejection is a significant predictor of disruptive behavior disorders e.g., ADHD, oppositional deficient disorder, and conduct disorder in adolescents of single parents with low income. It has been found that there is no significant mean difference between male and females on disruptive behavior disorders
Conclusion: The perceived parental rejection increase emotional disorders e.g., ADHD, oppositional deficient disorder and conduct disorder in children
ABSTRACT
Background: The patients with diverse cardiac issues and physical illness experience different levels of social intolerance, depression, anxiety and stress
Objectives: To explore the relationship between social intolerance and psychological distress among cardiac patients and investigate the effect of different type of cardiac illness, its duration and physical symptoms on social intolerance and psychological distress
Study design, settings and duration: Cross-sectional study, conducted at Benazir Bhutto Hospital [BBH], Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology [RIC], Hearts International Hospital [HIH] and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences [PIMS] from September-December, 2014
Patients and Methods: The sample size of 180 adult cardiac patients was collected. These patients were selected from the cardiac units of 4 hospitals of Rawalpindi using purposive sampling. Social intolerance was assessed using Frustration Discomfort Scale [FDS], distress was assessed using depression anxiety and stress scale [DASS]
Results: Out of 180 patients, 53.3% were males and 46.7% females. Their ages ranged from 20 to 60 years. Results revealed significant discomfort intolerance, [p < 0.01] entitlement [p < 0.05] and emotional intolerance [p < 0.01] in these patients. There was 45% variance in depression, while discomfort intolerance [p < 0.01] and achievement frustration [p < 0.01] showed 35% variance in anxiety
Conclusion: Cardiac patients suffer from major emotional distress